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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) Treatment at Konkan Cancer Centre
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) Treatment at Konkan Cancer Centre
Overview of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are uncommon but serious tumors that develop in the digestive tract, most frequently in the stomach or small intestine. These tumors arise from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which are responsible for coordinating peristalsis and motility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GISTs are distinct from other GI cancers due to their cellular origin and unique genetic mutations.
How Does GIST Develop?
GIST typically begins when genetic mutations affect ICCs, causing them to grow and divide abnormally. The most common genetic mutations involve the KIT gene or PDGFRA gene, both of which result in continuous activation of cell growth signaling pathways. This unchecked growth leads to tumor formation. Understanding these mutations is critical, as they guide treatment decisions and help predict response to targeted therapy.
Causes and Risk Factors
Although GIST often occurs sporadically, certain risk factors may contribute to its development:
Genetic mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA genes
Age over 50 years – most cases occur in older adults
Male gender – slightly higher risk
Genetic syndromes like Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)
Family history – rare but documented familial cases
Stages & Grades of GIST
Staging
Stage I: Small, localized tumor
Stage II: Larger tumor, still confined
Stage III: Spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes
Stage IV: Distant metastasis
Grading
Low Grade: Slow-growing tumors with low metastatic potential
High Grade: Aggressive, rapidly growing tumors likely to spread
Staging and grading together help doctors at Konkan Cancer Centerdesign the most effective treatment plan.
Types of GIST
KIT-positive GIST – Contains mutations in the KIT gene (most common)
PDGFRA-positive GIST – Features mutations in the PDGFRA gene
Wild-type GIST – Lacks KIT or PDGFRA mutations; may involve other pathways like SDH deficiency
Each type responds differently to treatment, making genetic testing crucial.
Symptoms of GIST
Symptoms vary based on tumor size and location, and may include:
Abdominal discomfort or pain
Early satiety or bloating
Gastrointestinal bleeding (black stools, blood in vomit)
Unexplained weight loss
A noticeable abdominal mass
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue and anemia-related weakness
When to Seek Help at Konkan Cancer Hospital (KCH)
If you experience persistent abdominal pain, GI bleeding, or other unexplained symptoms, consult the specialists at Konkan Cancer Hospital immediately. Early diagnosis and intervention greatly enhance treatment outcomes. Konkan Cancer Hospital provides rapid assessments, advanced diagnostics, and expert consultations.
Diagnostic Tests at Konkan Cancer Center
To diagnose GIST, Konkan Cancer Hospital offers:
Upper GI Endoscopy: Visual inspection and tissue biopsy
CT/MRI Scans: Detailed imaging of tumor size, location, and spread
PET Scan: Detects metastases and evaluates treatment response
Biopsy with Genetic Testing: Identifies KIT/PDGFRA mutations for precision therapy
Our advanced diagnostic setup ensures precise and timely detection.
Treatment Options at Konkan Cancer Centre
1. Surgical Management
Surgery is the primary treatment for localized GIST. Our experienced surgical oncologists remove the tumor while preserving normal tissue and function. Minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques are used whenever possible.
2. Targeted Therapy
Imatinib (Gleevec): A first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), highly effective for KIT-positive GIST.
Sunitinib & Regorafenib: Used in resistant or advanced cases.
Avapritinib: An emerging option for PDGFRA D842V mutations.
Targeted therapy is personalized based on mutation status, making genetic testing essential.
3. Chemotherapy & Radiation
Traditional chemotherapy and radiation have limited roles in GIST. However, radiation may be considered for palliative care in metastatic or bleeding tumors.
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Why Imatinib is the Gold Standard
Imatinib revolutionized GIST treatment by directly inhibiting abnormal KIT and PDGFRA proteins. This drug controls tumor growth, reduces recurrence, and extends survival. At Konkan Cancer Center, we monitor treatment response closely using advanced imaging and molecular diagnostics.
Who to Consult at Konkan Cancer Hospital
The multidisciplinary team at Konkan Cancer Centre includes:
Surgical oncologists
Medical oncologists
Radiologists
Pathologists
Genetic counselors
Each specialist collaborates to ensure a tailored, effective treatment approach. Book your appointment now for an expert evaluation.
Prognosis & Survival
GIST prognosis depends on:
Tumor size and mitotic rate
Mutation type (KIT vs. PDGFRA)
Tumor location
Treatment response
With early detection and targeted therapy, many patients live long, productive lives. Konkan Cancer Center supports patients through every phase—from diagnosis to survivorship.
Most Asked FAQs on Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
The stomach is the most frequent site, followed by the small intestine.
GIST originates from ICCs and is driven by specific genetic mutations.
Many localized GISTs are curable with surgery and targeted therapy.
Yes, to determine mutation status and guide therapy.
Recurrence is possible, so long-term follow-up is crucial.
Nausea, fatigue, swelling, and muscle cramps are common.
It is rare in younger individuals but possible, especially with genetic syndromes.
Only targeted therapy is proven effective; other options should be discussed with your oncologist.
Initially every 3–6 months, then annually depending on risk.
Choose Konkan Cancer Hospital for Expert GIST Care
Konkan Cancer Hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and an expert oncology team to diagnose and treat GIST effectively. From advanced genetic testing to targeted therapies and holistic support, we stand by you every step of the way. Contact us today to begin your personalized cancer care journey.
