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Oesophageal Cancer
Oesophageal cancer develops in the oesophagus, the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and transports food and liquids for digestion.
Oesophageal Cancer
Overview of Oesophageal Cancer
Oesophageal cancer develops in the oesophagus, the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and transports food and liquids for digestion. It usually begins in the lining of the oesophagus and can form tumors that may invade nearby tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body.
How Does Oesophageal Cancer Occur?
This cancer arises when the DNA in the esophageal cells undergoes mutations, causing uncontrolled cell growth. These abnormal cells can form tumors and eventually spread, complicating treatment and prognosis.
Possible Causes of Oesophageal Cancer
Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Significant contributors to cellular damage in the esophagus.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Chronic reflux can injure the esophageal lining.
Barrett’s Esophagus: A condition that increases the risk of adenocarcinoma.
Obesity: Elevates GERD risk and subsequent cancer risk.
Diet: Low intake of fruits and vegetables is a potential factor.
Age and Gender: More frequent in men, particularly over age 50.
Stages and Grades of Oesophageal Cancer
Stage I: Cancer is limited to the inner layers of the esophagus.
Stage II: It spreads into the esophageal wall and possibly nearby lymph nodes.
Stage III: Cancer reaches deeper tissues or adjacent structures.
Stage IV: The disease spreads to distant organs.
Low Grade: Cells resemble normal cells and grow slowly.
High Grade: Abnormal-looking cells grow and spread quickly.
Types of Oesophageal Cancer
Adenocarcinoma: Originates in the mucus-secreting glands, usually in the lower oesophagus.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Arises from the flat cells lining the upper and mid-oesophagus.
Signs & Symptoms
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Unintended weight loss
Chest pain or discomfort
Chronic cough or hoarseness
Indigestion or heartburn
Vomiting or regurgitation
If you observe any of these symptoms, consult an oncologist promptly. Early detection improves outcomes significantly.
Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
At Konkan Cancer Centre (KCC), we employ advanced diagnostic tools:
Endoscopy: Visual examination using a camera to inspect and biopsy the esophagus.
Barium Swallow (Esophagram): X-rays after swallowing a contrast solution to detect abnormalities.
Biopsy: Microscopic analysis of tissue samples.
CT and PET Scans: Imaging to assess spread and staging.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Assesses tumor depth and lymph node involvement.
Gold Standard Test: Endoscopy with biopsy – provides direct visualization and tissue sampling.
After Diagnosis: Next Steps
Discuss the diagnosis and understand cancer stage and grade.
Evaluate personalized treatment plans.
Consider a second opinion.
Begin scheduling treatments.
Seek support and make necessary lifestyle changes.
Available Treatments at Konkan Cancer Center
Surgery
Esophagectomy: Removal of part or all of the esophagus.
Esophagogastrectomy: Partial removal of the esophagus and upper stomach.
Chemotherapy
Neoadjuvant: Before surgery to shrink tumors.
Adjuvant: Post-surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells.
Palliative: For symptom control in advanced stages.
Radiation Therapy
External Beam Radiation
Brachytherapy: Internal radiation for localized treatment.
Targeted Therapy
Used for cancers with specific genetic mutations to block growth signals.
Immunotherapy
Boosts the immune system to fight cancer, especially in advanced or resistant cases.
Personalized Treatment Plans
Each plan considers:
Stage and grade
Overall health
Patient preferences
Our multidisciplinary team ensures tailored, compassionate care.
Prognosis of Treatment
Influencing Factors
Stage and Grade: Earlier stages have better outcomes.
Patient Health: Determines treatment tolerance and recovery.
Treatment Response: Effective treatment improves prognosis.
Survival Outcomes
Localized: 5-year survival improves with early, aggressive treatment.
Regional Spread: Outcomes vary; treatment still beneficial.
Metastatic: Focus on palliative care and symptom relief.
Follow-Up Care
Regular monitoring for recurrence
Side effect management
Ongoing emotional and nutritional support
Konkan Cancer Hospital is committed to lifelong care and recovery assistance.
FAQs – Thyroid Cancer at a Glance
For more information or support, contact Konkan Cancer Centre. We are here to walk beside you every step of the way.
Endoscopy, biopsy, CT scan, PET scan, and barium swallow.
Highly effective when used in combination. Biopsy confirms cancer.
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Yes, especially if caught early. Advanced stages are managed to prolong life and relieve symptoms.
Fatigue, nausea, appetite changes, and swallowing difficulties.
Through diet, rest, hydration, and medications.
Yes. Quit smoking and alcohol, eat healthily, and stay active.
Yes, with possible adjustments depending on treatment.
Konkan Cancer Center offers counseling, support groups, and educational resources.
Ask questions, take notes, and involve a family member for support.
